Medical Journal Based Reaseach on Vaccines

Childhood Vaccinations: Let me say I don't believe in vaccines like I used to. My oldest children were fully vaccinated. My younger children are not. Why?  Well, my first reason was that they were micro-preemies. As they got older I was still vaccinating them, one shot at a time, until I read more on vaccines. I decided to hold off. I think if your child is healthy, by the age of two, you could start vaccinating them. Again, I would do one shot at a time. Note my children are six. I still have not vaccinated them because of Joseph. Joseph has some metabolic, genetic and/or mitochondrial disease. What that is...we don't know at this point. Since I do not know if it is genetically related and James and Margaret could also be affected I am waiting on their vaccinations.  I keep my unvaccinated children, in general, away from others. I don't want them sick since Joseph can have a severe reaction to a simple cold. This is my story as to why I do not vaccinate.  Below you can read some research I have found on vaccinations. I will continue to work on this page as I have time.

As a footnote...This page is for vaccine research I have conducted using peer-reviewed, medical journal articles.  As you can guess the information presented here will concern why I think vaccines are not the best thing you can give your children.  The information here will be a dense read.  I will try and back fill the information with links to the definitions of the medical terminology.  The information on this page will be best understood by someone with a good knowledge of biology and medical terminology.

Everything on this page is my opinion and interpretation.  Please read and do your own research.  All I ask is that you keep an open mind, READ package inserts for the vaccines you give your child (not the handouts from the doctor or CDC) and research the Vaccine Injury Compensation Program (VICP). The government, through the VICP, has paid out nearly THREE BILLION dollars since 1989 for vaccine injuries. The government would not pay out that kind of money without a reason!

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Aluminum Adjuvants
One of my first issue with vaccines, in general, are aluminum adjuvants.  Aluminum is considered toxic to the body and there are a lot of arguments on why vaccines are able to be safe but ingesting aluminum directly is considered toxic.  What I find interesting is that doctors have very little understanding on how aluminum adjuvants activate the immune system yet we are able to state that the aluminum adjuvants in vaccines are safe.

Evaluation of synergistic effect of biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles and aluminum based adjuvant for improving vaccine efficacy Original Research Article
International Journal of Pharmaceutics, Volume 471, Issues 1–2, 25 August 2014, Pages 377-384
Vivek Bansal, Manoj Kumar, Manu Dalela, H.G. Brahmne, Harpal Singh



Abstract
Aluminum based adjuvants have been used widely to induce long lasting protective immunity through vaccination. But reported incidences of toxicity and side effects of aluminum have raised concerns regarding their safety in childhood vaccines. The present study demonstrates the synergistic effect of admixture of polylactic acid–polyethylene glycol (PLA–PEG) based biodegradable nanoparticles (NPs) and aluminum phosphate as a potential adjuvant system using tetanus toxoid (TT) as a model antigen. The immunological activity of the admixture formulation was maintained up to 180 days of storage at 5 °C ± 3 °C. Percent adsorption/encapsulation of tetanus toxoid increased to nearly 90% in admixture formulation as compared to 55% in conventional vaccine. Admixture preparation (PLA–PEG–Al 0.2 mg-TT and PLA–Al 0.2 mg-TT) showed 80% and 50% survival respectively, even at 180 days as compared to 30% survival observed in the conventional tetanus vaccine. The present study established the feasibility to formulate a dosage form with improved efficacy and reduced aluminum concentration for vaccination.

A role for impaired regulatory T cell function in adverse responses to aluminum adjuvant-containing vaccines in genetically susceptible individualsReview Article
Vaccine, Volume 32, Issue 40, 8 September 2014, Pages 5149-5155
Todd D. Terhune, Richard C. Deth

Abstract

Regulatory T cells play a critical role in the immune response to vaccination, but there is only a limited understanding of the response of regulatory T cells to aluminum adjuvants and the vaccines that contain them. Available studies in animal models show that although induced T regulatory cells may be induced concomitantly with effector T cells following aluminum-adjuvanted vaccination, they are unable to protect against sensitization, suggesting that under the Th2 immune-stimulating effects of aluminum adjuvants, Treg cells may be functionally compromised. Allergic diseases are characterized by immune dysregulation, with increases in IL-4 and IL-6, both of which exert negative effects on Treg function. For individuals with a genetic predisposition, the beneficial influence of adjuvants on immune responsiveness may be accompanied by immune dysregulation, leading to allergic diseases. This review examines aspects of the regulatory T cell response to aluminum-adjuvanted immunization and possible genetic susceptibility factors related to that response.


Kinetics of the inflammatory response following intramuscular injection of aluminum adjuvantOriginal Research Article
Vaccine, Volume 31, Issue 37, 20 August 2013, Pages 3979-3986
Fangjia Lu, Harm HogenEsch

Abstract

Aluminum-containing adjuvants are widely used in human and veterinary vaccines, but their mechanism of action is not well understood. Recent evidence suggests an important role for inflammation in the immune response to aluminum-adjuvanted vaccines. To better understand this process, vaccines with aluminum adjuvant were injected into naïve or previously immunized mice and the injection sites were characterized for the corresponding primary and secondary inflammatory response at different time points after immunization. Inflammatory cells appeared at the injection site between 2 h and 6 h after vaccination, dominated by neutrophils at first, followed by macrophages, and later eosinophils and MHCII+ cells. The number of cells at the injection site increased over time, except neutrophils, which decreased in number after day 2. There was extensive phagocytosis of aluminum adjuvant particles by macrophages. In secondary immunized mice, a faster and more robust recruitment of eosinophils, macrophages, and antigen presenting cells was observed at the injection site. The enhanced recruitment of inflammatory cells in previously immunized mice coincided with increased expression of relevant chemokines at the injection site. Since neutrophils accumulated first in response to aluminum-adjuvanted vaccines, their role was evaluated by depleting them prior to vaccination. Neutrophil depletion transiently reduced the recruitment of macrophages but it did not change the recruitment of eosinophils and MHCII+ cells or the quality and magnitude of the antibody response.

Just in case you missed this...I read this to say that subsequent injects illicit a stronger immune response.  For people who are generically predisposed to having a dysfunctional immune system you could be causing autoimmune disease in your child and not know the ramifications for YEARS.  If you think your child has been vaccine injured you only have three years to file a claim.


Aluminium based adjuvants and their effects on mitochondria and lysosomes of phagocytosing cellsOriginal Research Article
Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry, Volume 128, November 2013, Pages 229-236
Lars Ohlsson, Christopher Exley, Anna Darabi, Emma Sandén, Peter Siesjö, Håkan Eriksson

Abstract

Aluminium oxyhydroxide, Al(OH)3 is one of few compounds approved as an adjuvant in human vaccines. However, the mechanism behind its immune stimulating properties is still poorly understood. In vitro co-culture of an aluminium adjuvant and the human monocytic cell line THP-1 resulted in reduced cell proliferation. Inhibition occurred at concentrations of adjuvant several times lower than would be found at the injection site using a vaccine formulation containing an aluminium adjuvant. Based on evaluation of the mitochondrial membrane potential, THP-1 cells showed no mitochondrial rupture after co-culture with the aluminium adjuvant, instead an increase in mitochondrial activity was seen. The THP-1 cells are phagocytosing cells and after co-culture with the aluminium adjuvant the phagosomal pathway was obstructed. Primary or early phagosomes mature into phagolysosomes with an internal pH of 4.5 – 5 and carry a wide variety of hydrolysing enzymes. Co-culture with the aluminium adjuvant yielded a reduced level of acidic vesicles and cathepsin L activity, a proteolytic enzyme of the phagolysosomes, was almost completely inhibited. THP-1 cells are an appropriate in vitro model in order to investigate the mechanism behind the induction of a phagocytosing antigen presenting cell into an inflammatory cell by aluminium adjuvants. Much information will be gained by investigating the phagosomal pathway and what occurs inside the phagosomes and to elucidate the ultimate fate of phagocytosed aluminium particles.

Okay, I know this is one of the articles where we trip off into the deep end of medicine but I will try and interrupt.  The THP-1 cells (human cells used for research) are phagocytosing (consuming and destroying) cells and after co-culture with the aluminum adjuvant the phagosomal pathway was obstructed (cells could not longer do their job).  Primary or early phagosomes mature (first responders get old) into phagolysosmes with an internal pH of 4.5 - 5 and carry a wide variety of hydrolyzing (breaking of the bond in water molecules)enzymes.  Co-culture with the aluminum adjuvant yielded a reduced level of acidic vesicles and cathepsin L activity (cells not functioning properly), a proteolytic enzyme (enzyme that breaks down proteins) of the phagolysosomes, was almost completely inhibited (enzyme not functioning!).  This is a mitochondrial pathway that is being blocked by aluminum adjuvant at a level that was several times lower than what is given in vaccines! Please feel free to let me know if I interrupted this incorrectly!


Formulation, stability and immunogenicity of a trivalent pneumococcal protein vaccine formulated with aluminum salt adjuvantsOriginal Research Article
Vaccine, Volume 30, Issue 19, 19 April 2012, Pages 2981-2988
Belma Ljutic, Martina Ochs, Benjamin Messham, Marin Ming, Annie Dookie, Kevin Harper, Salvador F. Ausar

Abstract

We investigated the immunogenicity, stability and adsorption properties of an experimental pneumococcal vaccine composed of three protein vaccine antigens; Pneumococcal histidine triad protein D, (PhtD), Pneumococcal choline-binding protein A (PcpA) and genetically detoxified pneumolysin D1 (PlyD1) formulated with aluminum salt adjuvants. Immunogenicity studies conducted in BALB/c mice showed that antibody responses to each antigen adjuvanted with aluminum hydroxide (AH) were significantly higher than when adjuvanted with aluminum phosphate (AP) or formulated without adjuvant. Lower microenvironment pH and decreased strength of antigen adsorption significantly improved the stability of antigens. The stability of PcpA and PlyD1 assessed by RP-HPLC correlated well with the immunogenicity of these antigens in mice and showed that pretreatment of the aluminum hydroxide adjuvant with phosphate ions improved their stability. Adjuvant dose-ranging studies showed that 28 μg Al/dose to be the concentration of adjuvant resulting in optimal immunogenicity of the trivalent vaccine formulation. Taken together, the results of theses studies suggest that the type of aluminum salt, strength of adsorption and microenvironment pH have a significant impact on the immunogenicity and chemical stability of an experimental vaccine composed of the three pneumococcal protein antigens, PhtD, PcpA, and PlyD1.

I read this as saying aluminum hydroxide (AH) causes a stronger immune response and AH makes it easier to trigger autoimmune disease. Notice that the adjuvant dose recommended is 28 micrograms of aluminum.  In adults any dose over 5 micrograms/kg/day is considered toxic.  So follow my logic here.  ONE vaccine has 28 micrograms of aluminum.  Five mircograms or more per kilogram per day is considered a toxic dose of aluminum for an ADULT.  Remember, we are talking about children and childhood vaccines (think about the study listed above).  This means that a child would have to weigh at LEAST 5.6 kilos to get ONE vaccination and NOT RECEIVE A TOXIC DOSE of aluminum!  A child would have to weigh at least 12 pounds 5 ounces (12.3 pounds) to get ONE vaccination and not get a toxic amount of aluminum for an adult!  Most of the time a child is getting at least two shots and up to FOUR SHOTS per well child visit!

Dr. Sears thoughts on aluminum adjuvants...
http://www.askdrsears.com/topics/health-concerns/vaccines/vaccine-faqs 

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Measles   

You see mention of measles all the time in the news.  It is difficult for me to think of another disease that is SO blown out of proportion by the news media than measles!  Measles, like chicken pox, is not as devastating to catch while young but it is more difficult to fend off an an adult.  That being said there have been no deaths by measles in the United States since 2005.  I think I have written a pretty good post discussing measles in Vaccines and the California Measles Outbreak.

Dr. Sears wrote a great post on measles and the risk of serious complications from measles in the United States.  I will include the article in the blog.  You can click here to link to the article. 


One last tidbit from the National Institute of Health that says the treatment of measles...has a severe effect on the nutritional status of a child: well-nourished children who are otherwise healthy lose weight when they have the measles, while malnourished children become seriously ill. Treatment for measles consists of bed rest, medicines to control fever, and calamine lotion or other salves to relieve itching. Mortality rates are low in most developed countries where children have relatively good nutrition; however, complications occur rarely that require hospitalization: pneumonia, appendicitis, and severe infections of the brain or respiratory systems. In many developing countries where conditions of poor nutrition, poor sanitation, and lack of adequate health care are common, measles mortality rates are considerably higher, especially among children.

Notice it says that in developed countries (like the U.S.) there children have good nutrition the mortality rates are low and complications occur rarely.  This is why I like Dr. Sears post.  He mentions this but you rarely hear any health care worker say it. 

Investigation of an outbreak of measles: Failure to vaccinate or vaccine failure in a community of predominantly fishermen in KeralaOriginal Research Article
Journal of Infection and Public Health, In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 23 August 2014
Zinia T. Nujum, Sara Varghese


Summary

Measles outbreaks continue to occur in developing countries. This study attempted to explore the context of an outbreak of measles in a community of predominantly fishermen in Kerala to find out whether the outbreak was the result of a failure to vaccinate or failure of the vaccine itself. A cross sectional study was conducted in Mukkola village of Thiruvananthapuram district, Kerala, India. A total of 215 children of ages between 9 and 35 months were studied. Documented evidence of measles vaccination was available only in 71.6% (65.57–77.62) of the children. The risk factors for not being immunized against measles were being third or higher in birth order and having: a father whose occupation is fishing, low family income, lower parental education, Muslim religion and poor knowledge regarding measles and its vaccine. Of the 215 children studied, 43 had a history of measles. Thirty percent of these 43 children were younger than the age of vaccination. Unvaccinated children, children third or higher in birth order and children of families with more than 5 members had a significantly higher risk of contracting measles. Vaccine effectiveness was 76.6% (95% CI: 75.96–77.99). The prevalence of missed vaccination opportunities was found to be 15.8% (34/215). Even with the relatively low vaccine effectiveness, this outbreak could have been prevented by higher vaccination coverage. Lowering the age at administration of the first dose of measles vaccine needs to be considered. Effective utilization of opportunities for vaccination could enhance coverage and prevent outbreaks in the future.

If you notice the study says that the measles vaccine has a low effectiveness (76.6%) compared to what you typically hear in the United States.  Wonder why?  Maybe the measles vaccine does not work as well as we hear in the United States?


Waning population immunity to measles in TaiwanOriginal Research Article
Vaccine, Volume 30, Issue 47, 19 October 2012, Pages 6721-6727
Chih-Jung Chen, Ping-Ing Lee, Yu-Chia Hsieh, Po-Yen Chen, Yu-Huai Ho, Chee-Jen Chang, Ding-Ping Liu, Feng-Yee Chang, Cheng-Hsun Chiu, Yhu-Chering Huang, Chin-Yun Lee, Tzou-Yien Lin

Abstract

To evaluate the population immunity to measles in Taiwan where the coverage rate of the measles vaccine was >95% for more than a decade, anti-measles IgG was determined in 3552 Taiwanese volunteers in 2007. The overall seroprevalence was 74.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 73.3–76.1%). In subgroups aged 2–25 years, to whom at least 2 doses of measles-containing vaccine were given, there was a declining trend of seropositivity with age from 94.5% at 2 years to 50.6% at 21–25 years (p < 0.0001). Age (odds ratio [OR]: 1.0464, 95% CI: 1.043–1.085) and male gender (OR: 1.466, 95% CI: 1.131–1.901) were independent factors predicting seronegative sera in this population. Seroprevalence was uniformly >95% in the older population (≥35 years) who had not been immunized against measles. The waning vaccine-induced immunity may have impact on the control of measles in the future, especially when the vaccinated population becomes older.
Our immune systems consist of two major categories of defense: the innate immune system and the adaptive immune system. The innate system is the first line of defense with its various components ready-to-go immediately when they encounter a microbe threatening our bodies. This is a critically important defense mechanism, but the innate system is not pre-programmed against every potential threat. It is the adaptive immune system that has the capacity to ramp-up a protective response to new threats. It does this by the generation of specific immune T-cells and B-cells, and the production of antibodies that are specifically designed to combat the new threat. The adaptive immune system takes several days before it reaches full power, but once it is fully activated, it remains on duty for a long time. If the body encounters the same threat again sometime in the future, this system has memory and is therefore able to respond much faster. Vaccines are designed to activate the adaptive immune system to respond to specific microbes that innate immunity alone is not capable of controlling. We are familiar with the usual “childhood vaccines” that include polio, measles, whooping cough, mumps, Rubella, HPV, chickenpox, HiB, tetanus, meningococcus, diphtheria, rotavirus and influenza are the vaccines most commonly given today. Live vaccine viruses (oral polio, rotavirus) can be found in the some body fluids and stools for up to two weeks following vaccination. If you would like to read more about Medical Microbiology and how the immune system functions click HERE.  Otherwise, if you would like a simpler explanation then click HERE


Febrile seizures and measles–mumps–rubella–varicella (MMRV) vaccine: What do primary care physicians think?
Vaccine, Volume 30, Issue 48, 6 November 2012, Pages 6731-6733
Sean T. O’Leary, Christina A. Suh, Mona Marin, the Vaccine Policy Collaborative Initiative 

Abstract

Purpose

Measles–mumps–rubella–varicella (MMRV) vaccine is associated with increased febrile seizure risk compared with measles–mumps–rubella and varicella vaccine given separately (MMR + V) in children 12–15-month old. We assessed knowledge regarding MMRV and febrile seizures, intended practices, and factors influencing the decision to recommend MMRV.

Methods

National survey administered 10/2008–1/2009 of US pediatricians (Peds) and family physicians (FP).

Results

Response rate was 73% (620/849). Twenty-nine percent of Peds and 74% of FP (p < 0.001) were unaware of increased febrile seizure risk after MMRV. After reading an informational statement, 20% of Peds and 7% of FP (p < 0.001) would recommend MMRV to a healthy 12–15-month-old child. The factor most frequently reported as “very important” in the decision to recommend MMRV or MMR + V was ACIP/AAFP/AAP recommendations (pediatricians, 77% (321/425), family physicians, 73% (299/424), p = 0.08).

Conclusions

After receiving data regarding febrile seizure risk after MMRV, few physicians report they would recommend MMRV to a healthy 12–15-month-old child.

Here is the Results section from the study because I think it is important for the reader to digest this information...

3. Results
The response rate was 73% (620/849), with 76% (321/425) of pediatricians and 71% (299/424) of family physicians responding. Response rates were 72% (200/279) for the mail group and 74% (420/570) for the Internet group. Respondents were similar to non-respondents with minor differences for family physicians in gender, practice location, and practice region.

Seventy-one percent (95% CI, 66–76%) of pediatricians and 26% (95% CI, 21–31%) of family physicians ((p < 0.001) for difference between the specialties) reported prior awareness of increased febrile seizure risk associated with MMRV compared with MMR + V. Only 8% of pediatricians and 23% of family physicians perceived a simple febrile seizure as either a moderately or very serious medical event (p < 0.001). However, when asked about parents’ perceptions about febrile seizures, 92% of pediatricians and 98% of family physicians reported they believed parents perceived a simple febrile seizure as a moderately or very serious medical event.

After reading the aforementioned informational statement on the risk of febrile seizures after MMRV compared to MMR + V in 12–15-month-old child, most physicians (Peds, 59%, FP, 67%) reported that they would definitely or probably recommend MMR + V rather than MMRV to a healthy 12–15-month-old child. Thirty-eight percent of Peds and 20% of FP reported that they would recommend MMRV at 4– years, and about one-fifth of providers reported they would let the parents decide in both age groups.

Physicians rated the importance of various factors that would influence their decision to recommend MMRV or MMR + V in a healthy 12–15-month-old child. Factors most frequently reported as “very important” included ACIP/AAFP/AAP recommendations (75%), parent concern for risk of febrile seizures (55%), amount of reimbursement received for vaccine administration (41%), cost of vaccine (37%), and physician concern for risk of febrile seizures (35%). The other factors about which respondents were asked were: reported parent preference for fewer injections, potential for MMRV to improve vaccination up-to-date rates for varicella, time spent discussing with parents safety issues related to MMR-containing vaccines (reported as “very important” by approximately 30% each).

Notice that 620 Pediatricians and Family Physicians (FP) answered the survey about MMRV.  Only 8% of Peds and 26% FPs thought febrile seizures were a moderate to serious medical problem. Medscape says not to worry but then admits the pathophysiology is unknown and may be genetic. Then the authors of the study gave an informational packet on the risk of febrile seizures after getting the MMRV. Guess what happens?!? After reading the informational packet many of the doctors suddenly change their minds!  Now they would rather give the MMR + V at 12 to 15 months versus the MMRV.  The MOST revealing part of this to me is WHY a majority of the doctors cited recommending the MMRV... it was ONLY based on the recommendations of the ACIP/AAFP/AAP!  You read that right; the recommendation was mostly based on what the medical organizations recommended. It was not based on any other factor including, apparently, being aware of the risks of the febrile seizures after vaccination. Were you paying attention to the third most important reason?  It's all about the money and how much they will be reimbursed for the vaccination; not what's best for the patient!    

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 Autism
 


I believe autism is such a vague set of symptoms that it is difficult to say what causes autism.  I have two autistic children.  After they were diagnosed I have been working my way around to trying to determine WHY they have autism.  For some it is caused by vaccines (yes, it does happen...it's an indirect reaction but it happens), food allergies and/or neurological issues.  Some scientists and parents have been investigation the effects of gut microbiome and the connection to autism (BTW, this is in line with Wakefield's study...the link between autism and gut problems).  Others have been looking into genetics and other causes.  I think our children could be suffering from some to all of these things.  I employ you...if your child has been diagnosed with autism please, Please, PLEASE take the time and see if there are any underlying causes!  For one of my children I have found out she is autistic because she has brain damage from being born prematurely.  The regions of her brain that were damaged control attention span, awareness of danger, impulsivity, and speech.  When I found this out it all made sense yet Margaret also fits all the signs of classic autism.  Autism is NOT a diagnosis!  Autism is a list of symptoms and it is up to the parent to determine the WHY since most doctors are not interested in doing it!

Here are some studies discussing possible causes of autism-like behaviors...

A vaccine and diagnostic target for Clostridium bolteae, an autism-associated bacterium

Vaccine, Volume 31, Issue 26, 10 June 2013, Pages 2787-2790 Brittany Pequegnat, Martin Sagermann, Moez Valliani, Michael Toh, Herbert Chow, Emma Allen-Vercoe, Mario A. Monteiro

Abstract

Constipation and diarrhea are common in autistic patients. Treatment with antibiotics against bacteria appears to partially alleviate autistic-related symptoms. Clostridium bolteae is a bacterium that has been shown to be overabundant in the intestinal tract of autistic children suffering from gastric intestinal ailments, and as such is an organism that could potentially aggravate gastrointestinal symptoms. We set out to investigate the cell-wall polysaccharides of C. bolteae in order to evaluate their structure and immunogenicity. Our explorations revealed that C. bolteae produces a conserved specific capsular polysaccharide comprised of rhamnose and mannose units: [→3)-α-D-Manp-(1→4)-β-d-Rhap-(1→], which is immunogenic in rabbits. These findings are the first description of a C. bolteae immunogen and indicate the prospect of using this polysaccharide as a vaccine to reduce or prevent C. bolteae colonization of the intestinal tract in autistic patients, and as a diagnostic marker for the rapid detection of C. bolteae in a clinical setting.

This discusses the intestinal bacterial as a cause of autistic symptoms and manifestations. Interesting idea in this study.

Do aluminum vaccine adjuvants contribute to the rising prevalence of autism?

Original Research Article Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry, Volume 105, Issue 11, November 2011, Pages 1489-1499 Lucija Tomljenovic, Christopher A. Shaw

Abstract

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are serious multisystem developmental disorders and an urgent global public health concern. Dysfunctional immunity and impaired brain function are core deficits in ASD. Aluminum (Al), the most commonly used vaccine adjuvant, is a demonstrated neurotoxin and a strong immune stimulator. Hence, adjuvant Al has the potential to induce neuroimmune disorders. When assessing adjuvant toxicity in children, two key points ought to be considered: (i) children should not be viewed as “small adults” as their unique physiology makes them much more vulnerable to toxic insults; and (ii) if exposure to Al from only few vaccines can lead to cognitive impairment and autoimmunity in adults, is it unreasonable to question whether the current pediatric schedules, often containing 18 Al adjuvanted vaccines, are safe for children? By applying Hill's criteria for establishing causality between exposure and outcome we investigated whether exposure to Al from vaccines could be contributing to the rise in ASD prevalence in the Western world. Our results show that: (i) children from countries with the highest ASD prevalence appear to have the highest exposure to Al from vaccines; (ii) the increase in exposure to Al adjuvants significantly correlates with the increase in ASD prevalence in the United States observed over the last two decades (Pearson r = 0.92, p < 0.0001); and (iii) a significant correlation exists between the amounts of Al administered to preschool children and the current prevalence of ASD in seven Western countries, particularly at 3–4 months of age (Pearson r = 0.89–0.94, p = 0.0018–0.0248). The application of the Hill's criteria to these data indicates that the correlation between Al in vaccines and ASD may be causal. Because children represent a fraction of the population most at risk for complications following exposure to Al, a more rigorous evaluation of Al adjuvant safety seems warranted.

Another study questioning the use of aluminum adjuvants in vaccines.  Remember, Aluminum is toxic yet we inject babies with enough aluminum through vaccinations that we may be producing a toxic overload of aluminum.

A meta-analysis of the evidence on the impact of prenatal and early infancy exposures to mercury on autism and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in the childhood

Review Article NeuroToxicology, Volume 44, September 2014, Pages 121-131 Kouichi Yoshimasu, Chikako Kiyohara, Shigeki Takemura, Kunihiko Nakai

Abstract

Although a measurable number of epidemiological studies have been conducted to clarify the associations between mercury exposure during embryo or early infancy and later incidences of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) or attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the conclusion still remains unclear. Meta-analysis was conducted for two major exposure sources; i.e., thimerosal vaccines that contain ethylmercury (clinical exposure), and environmental sources, using relevant literature published before April 2014. While thimerosal exposures did not show any material associations with an increased risk of ASD or ADHD (the summary odds ratio (OR) 0.99, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.80–1.24 for ASD; OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.70–1.13 for ADHD/ADD), significant associations were observed for environmental exposures in both ASD (OR 1.66, 95% CI 1.14–2.17) and ADHD (OR 1.60, 95% CI 1.10–2.33). The summary ORs were similar after excluding studies not adjusted for confounders. Moderate adverse effects were observed only between environmental inorganic or organic mercury exposures and ASD/ADHD. However, these results should be interpreted with caution since the number of epidemiological studies on this issue was limited and still at an early stage. Further studies focused on subjects with genetic vulnerabilities of developmental disorders are warranted for better understanding of the effects of such environmental exposures.

A meta data study is a look at previously completed studies so this study is only as good as the studies it pulled information from in the first place.  WIth the #CDCwhistleblower coming forward discussing how he covered up evidence of the correlation of MMR vaccine and autism among African  Americans I have to say I view a lot of studies that have ANY ties to the CDC skeptically.  So I don't agree that autism wasn't caused by vaccines (and other injections such as RhoGam; especially in the earlier years before thimerosal was removed from most vaccines/injections in the US) but notice there is a concern for environmental factors.  When was the last time a doctor asked or tested a child for possible mercury burden BEFORE offering that vaccine?  That vaccine might have been enough to push the body burden of mercury over the tipping point!  Thimerosal is still in some of the flu vaccines used in the US and yet the doctors push for ALL people over 6 months to get vaccinated.




Does the body treat ethyl-mercury and methyl-mercury differently as stated? Read the link below:


Hypothesis: Conjugate vaccines may predispose children to autism spectrum disorders

Original Research Article Medical Hypotheses, Volume 77, Issue 6, December 2011, Pages 940-947 Brian J. Richmand

Abstract

The first conjugate vaccine was approved for use in the US in 1988 to protect infants and young children against the capsular bacteria Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib). Since its introduction in the US, this vaccine has been approved in most developed countries, including Denmark and Israel where the vaccine was added to their national vaccine programs in 1993 and 1994, respectively.
There have been marked increases in the reported prevalence of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) among children in the US beginning with birth cohorts in the late 1980s and in Denmark and Israel starting approximately 4–5 years later. Although these increases may partly reflect ascertainment biases, an exogenous trigger could explain a significant portion of the reported increases in ASDs. It is hypothesized here that the introduction of the Hib conjugate vaccine in the US in 1988 and its subsequent introduction in Denmark and Israel could explain a substantial portion of the initial increases in ASDs in those countries. The continuation of the trend toward increased rates of ASDs could be further explained by increased usage of the vaccine, a change in 1990 in the recommended age of vaccination in the US from 15 to 2 months, increased immunogenicity of the vaccine through changes in its carrier protein, and the subsequent introduction of the conjugate vaccine for Streptococcus pneumoniae.
Although conjugate vaccines have been highly effective in protecting infants and young children from the significant morbidity and mortality caused by Hib and S. pneumoniae, the potential effects of conjugate vaccines on neural development merit close examination. Conjugate vaccines fundamentally change the manner in which the immune systems of infants and young children function by deviating their immune responses to the targeted carbohydrate antigens from a state of hypo-responsiveness to a robust B2 B cell mediated response. This period of hypo-responsiveness to carbohydrate antigens coincides with the intense myelination process in infants and young children, and conjugate vaccines may have disrupted evolutionary forces that favored early brain development over the need to protect infants and young children from capsular bacteria.

Here is a paper that discusses the need to examine the use of conjugate vaccines.  These include the Hib, meningococcal, and pneumococcal vaccines. After reading what this study says see what the CDC's recommendations are for those vaccination are by clicking on each of the vaccines.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjugate_vaccine
http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd-vac/pneumo/default.htm
http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd-vac/mening/who-vaccinate.htm
http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/schedules/downloads/child/0-18yrs-child-combined-schedule.pdf
http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/schedules/hcp/child-adolescent.html#printable
Notice that even for the physician version of the vaccine table there is no list about the adverse effects, the Vaccine Injury Compensation Program and no listing of the counter indications/adverse reactions to the vaccines listed on the table.  If you want to read the vaccine inserts you can visit the sites listed below.  I really recommend reading them in their entirety.  I highly doubt your doctor has.
http://www.vaccinesafety.edu/package_inserts.htm
http://www.immunize.org/packageinserts/
http://vactruth.com/vaccine-inserts/


Comorbidity of allergic and autoimmune diseases in patients with autism spectrum disorder: A nationwide population-based study

Original Research Article Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, Volume 7, Issue 2, February 2013, Pages 205-212 Mu-Hong Chen, Tung-Ping Su, Ying-Sheue Chen, Ju-Wei Hsu, Kai-Lin Huang, Wen-Han Chang, Tzeng-Ji Chen, Ya-Mei Bai

Abstract

Previous clinical and genetic studies have suggested autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) is associated with immunological abnormalities involving cytokines, immunoglobulins, inflammation, and cellular immunity, but epidemiological reports are still limited. Patients with ASDs were identified in the National Health Insurance Database from 1996 to 2010, and compared with age and gender-matched controls (1:4) in an investigation of the association between ASDs and allergic/autoimmune diseases. A total of 1596 patients with ASDs were identified, and were found to have a significantly higher prevalence of allergic and autoimmune diseases than the control group. Patients with ASDs had increased risks of asthma (OR = 1.74, 95%CI = 1.51–1.99), allergic rhinitis (OR = 1.70, 95%CI = 1.51–1.91), atopic dermatitis (OR = 1.52, 95%CI = 1.30–1.78), urticaria (OR = 1.38, 95%CI = 1.12–1.69) and type 1 diabetes (OR = 4.00, 95%CI = 1.00–16.00), and a trend toward increasing comorbidity with Crohn's disease (OR = 1.46, 95%CI = 0.90–2.35). Our results support the association between ASDs and allergic diseases, and autoimmune comorbidities (type 1 diabetes and Crohn's disease). Further basic study is required to elucidate the possible underlying mechanisms and roles of allergy immunity and autoimmunity in the etiology of ASDs.


This article does touch on what many of the biomedical advocates for autism point out.  They believe (and I think many of them are correct) that one of the main ways in which autism is triggered is with vaccines triggering other underlying problems like changes in the gut biome, food/environmental allergies, and autoimmune problems.  Again, this is not something doctors are screening for before injecting your child.

Peripheral and central inflammation in autism spectrum disorders

Original Research Article Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Volume 53, March 2013, Pages 69-76 Amaicha Mara Depino

Abstract

Recent reports have given a central role to environmental factors in the etiology of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). However, most proposed perinatal factors seem to converge into the activation of the immune system, suggesting that an early inflammatory response could be a unifying factor in the etiology ASD. Here I review the evidence of early immune activation in individuals with ASD, and the chronic peripheral and central alterations observed in the inflammatory response in ASD. This evidence shows that ASD is associated with altered neuroinflammatory processes and abnormal immune responses in adulthood. How these immune alterations can affect developmental programming of adult behavior or directly affect behavior later in life is discussed in the context of both clinical and animal models of research. Recent studies in rodents clearly support a role of elevated cytokines in the behavioral symptoms of ASD, both during development and in adulthood. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled ‘Neuroinflammation in neurodegeneration and neurodysfunction’.
Just in case you are wondering... Do you know what causes an inflammatory response and activation of the immune system early in life?  Yep, that would be vaccines.  See the section on aluminum adjuvants.

The “missing link” in autoimmunity and autism: Extracellular mitochondrial components secreted from activated live mast cells

Review Article Autoimmunity Reviews, Volume 12, Issue 12, October 2013, Pages 1136-1142 Theoharis C. Theoharides, Shahrzad Asadi, Smaro Panagiotidou, Zuyi Weng

Abstract

Autoimmune diseases continue to increase, but the reason(s) remain obscure and infections have not proven to be major contributors. Mast cells are tissue immune cells responsible for allergies, but have been increasingly shown to be involved in innate and acquired immunity, as well as inflammation. This involvement is possible because of their ability to release multiple mediators in response to a great variety of triggers. We recently published that activation of mast cells is accompanied by mitochondrial fission and translocation to the cell surface from where they secrete at least ATP and DNA outside the cell without cell damage. These extracellular mitochondrial components are misconstrued by the body as “innate pathogens” leading to powerful autocrine and paracrine auto-immune/auto-inflammatory responses. We also showed that mitochondrial DNA is increased in the serum of young children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), a condition that could involve “focal brain allergy/encephalitits”. Blocking the secretion of extracellular mitochondrial components could present unique possibilities for the therapy of ASD and other autoimmune diseases. Unique formulation of the flavonoid luteolin offers unique advantages.

This study lends additional credence to the story above.

Chapter 15 - Diet and the Gut Microbiota – How the Gut: Brain Axis Impacts on Autism

Diet-Microbe Interactions in the Gut, 2015, Pages 225-245 Kieran M. Tuohy, Paola Venuti, Simone Cuva, Cesare Furlanello, Mattia Gasperotti, Andrea Mancini, Florencia Ceppa, Duccio Cavalieri, Carlotta de Filippo, Urska Vrhovsek, Pedro Mena, Daniele Del Rio, Francesca Fava

Abstract

Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are a group of neurodevelopmental conditions characterized by qualitative impairments in social interaction and communication, and by the presence of restricted interests and of repetitive and stereotyped behaviors. Although environmental factors are recognized to play an important role in ASD, there is little conclusive evidence linking diet with disease onset and progression. However, recent works examining how diet shapes the gut:brain axis may offer new insights into environmental contributions to disease mechanisms and raise the possibility of at least improving certain ASD symptoms through diet. Gut microbiota is a key player in development and regulation of the gut:brain axis and might thus play a critical role in ASD pathophysiology. Indeed, gut microbiota is altered in ASD. The recent appreciation of the core contribution of the human microbiome to host metabolic processes and in processing of dietary compounds has raised interest in how microbial activities might impact on ASD. This chapter provides a detailed overview of the current knowledge on the effect of gut microbiota on the metabolism of molecules (amino acids, γ-aminobutyric acid, unsaturated fatty acids, short-chain fatty acids, cholesterol, butyrate, acetate, N-acetylaspartate, polyphenols, etc.) and enzymes (disaccharidases, hexose transporters, and monocarboxylic acid transporters, among others) associated with ADS onset and progression. The role of dietary patterns, probiotics, and successional development of gut microbiota in brain function is also reviewed. Evidence points to the essential role of gut microbiota composition and metabolism in brain development and disease risk throughout life. However, there is a clear lack of human data describing the contribution of gut microbiota and its modulation through diet to hormonal, immunological, or metabolic communication along the information highways linking gut and brain, especially in early childhood.



Cytokine dysregulation in autism spectrum disorders (ASD): Possible role of the environment Original Research Article
Neurotoxicology and Teratology, Volume 36, March–April 2013, Pages 67-81
Paula E. Goines, Paul Ashwood

Abstract

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are neurodevelopmental diseases that affect an alarming number of individuals. The etiological basis of ASD is unclear, and evidence suggests it involves both genetic and environmental factors. There are many reports of cytokine imbalances in ASD. These imbalances could have a pathogenic role, or they may be markers of underlying genetic and environmental influences. Cytokines act primarily as mediators of immunological activity but they also have significant interactions with the nervous system. They participate in normal neural development and function, and inappropriate activity can have a variety of neurological implications. It is therefore possible that cytokine dysregulation contributes directly to neural dysfunction in ASD. Further, cytokine profiles change dramatically in the face of infection, disease, and toxic exposures. Imbalances in cytokines may represent an immune response to environmental contributors to ASD. The following review is presented in two main parts. First, we discuss select cytokines implicated in ASD, including IL-1Β, IL-6, IL-4, IFN-γ, and TGF-Β, and focus on their role in the nervous system. Second, we explore several neurotoxic environmental factors that may be involved in the disorders, and focus on their immunological impacts. This review represents an emerging model that recognizes the importance of both genetic and environmental factors in ASD etiology. We propose that the immune system provides critical clues regarding the nature of the gene by environment interactions that underlie ASD pathophysiology.


Divergent opinions of proper Lyme disease diagnosis and implications for children co-morbid with autism spectrum disorderOriginal Research Article
Medical Hypotheses, Volume 83, Issue 3, September 2014, Pages 321-325
Mason Kuhn, Robert Bransfield

Abstract

This paper proposes that some children with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in the United States have undiagnosed Lyme disease and different testing criteria used by commercial laboratories may be producing false negative results. Two testing protocols will be evaluated; first, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and Infectious Disease Society of America (IDSA) approved two-tiered Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA) or Immunofluorescence Assay (IFA) followed by an IgM and/or IgG Western Blot test. Second, a clinical diagnosis (flu like symptoms, joint pain, fatigue, neurological symptoms, etc.) possibly followed by a Western Blot with a broader criteria for positive bands . The hypothesis proposes that the former criteria may be producing false negative results for some individuals diagnosed with an ASD. Through an online survey parents of 48 children who have a diagnosis of an ASD and have been diagnosed with Lyme disease were asked to fill out the Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist (ATEC) before they started antibiotic therapy and after treatment. Of the 48 parents surveyed 45 of them (94%) indicated their child initially tested negative using the two-tiered CDC/IDSA approved test. The parents sought a second physician who diagnosed their child with Lyme disease using the wider range of Western Blot bands. The children were treated with antibiotics and their scores on the ATEC improved. Anecdotal data indicated that some of the children achieved previously unattained developmental milestones after antibiotic therapy began. Protein bands OSP-A and/or OSP-B (Western Blot band 31) and (Western Blot band 34) were found in 44 of 48 patients. These two bands are so specific to Borrelia burgdorferi that they were targeted for use in vaccine trials, yet are not included in the IDSA interpretation of the Western Blot.

Even if you have had your child screened for Lyme Disease you may want to make sure it was done using the Western Blot method.  If not, you may want to see about getting additional testing!


I am going to do a section on the gut microbiome.  It is amazing how much that can effect our overall health from presenting with the symptoms of autism, how prone you are to being obese and how your body reacts to autoimmune triggers.  It will be a great section to read!




Whooping Cough



Why Vaccines Incidents Are Not Being Reported

Who is unlikely to report adverse events after vaccinations to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS)?Original Research Article
Vaccine, Volume 31, Issue 24, 31 May 2013, Pages 2673-2679
Michael M. McNeil, Rongxia Li, Susanne Pickering, Theresa M. Real, Philip J. Smith, Michael R. Pemberton

Abstract

Background

Healthcare provider (HCP) reporting to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) is important to assuring the safety of U.S. licensed vaccines. HCP awareness of and practices regarding reporting of adverse events following immunization (AEFI) is understudied.

Methods

A large, nationally representative sample of U.S. office-based HCP across three occupational groups (physicians, mid-level providers [physician assistants, advanced practice nurses] and nurses) and three primary care practice areas (pediatrics, family medicine, internal medicine) were surveyed utilizing standardized methodology. We assessed HCP familiarity with VAERS, the situations under which they were likely to report an AEFI, and the methods they used and preferred for reporting. We used logistic regression to determine factors associated with HCP not reporting AEFI to VAERS.

Results

Our survey response rate was 54.9%. The percentage of HCP aware of VAERS (71%) varied by occupation and primary care practice area. About 37% of HCP had identified at least one AEFI with only 17% of these indicating that they had ever reported to VAERS. More serious events were more likely to be reported. Factors associated with HCP not reporting AEFI included: HCP not familiar versus very familiar with filing a paper VAERS report (OR = 12.84; p < 0.0001), primary care practice area of internal medicine versus pediatrics (OR = 4.22; p = 0.0005), and HCP not familiar versus very familiar with when it was required to file a VAERS report (OR = 5.52; p = 0.0013).

Conclusions

Specific educational interventions targeted to HCP likely to see AEFI but not currently reporting may improve vaccine safety reporting practices.


If your doctor is unaware how are patients/parents going to be aware?  That is why it is SO important to education yourself!



Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) and rotavirus vaccination: Reports to the Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System (VAERS)Original Research Article
Vaccine, Volume 28, Issue 40, 14 September 2010, Pages 6609-6612
Nyasha Bakare, David Menschik, Rosemary Tiernan, Wei Hua, David Martin

Abstract

Background

Rotavirus vaccines are the only live vaccines recommended for infants in the US. Postmarketing reports have described severe gastroenteritis with vaccine viral shedding in infants who received rotavirus vaccine and were later diagnosed with SCID. The US Food and Drug Administration recently approved labeling changes for RotaTeq and Rotarix contraindicating administration to individuals with a history of SCID. We queried VAERS to characterize reports of SCID after rotavirus vaccination.

Methods

VAERS inclusion criteria included current US-licensed rotavirus vaccines, report dates from February 3, 2006 to January 15, 2010, and queries for the MedDRA preferred term “combined immunodeficiency” as well as any text containing the terms, “SCID” or “combined immunodeficiency.”

Results

We identified nine reports of SCID and rotavirus vaccination in infants between 3 and 9 months of age. All but one case presented with diarrhea among other symptoms. All infants were hospitalized and had workups leading to the SCID diagnosis. Stool rotavirus testing was positive in all cases and the virus was identified as the vaccine strain in six cases. Prolonged viral shedding was documented in five cases. No deaths were reported.

Conclusion

The aforementioned labeling changes were warranted given the risk posed by live rotavirus vaccine to individuals with SCID, as illustrated by these VAERS cases. Although congenital, SCID was not diagnosed in these infants until after rotavirus vaccination. Earlier identification of SCID (e.g., from expanded newborn screening or heightened clinical vigilance) could prevent inadvertent live rotavirus vaccine administration and also potentially result in earlier life-saving stem cell transplants.

I'm sure this was not how the parents wanted to find out their child has a major medical issue. 


Reporting Vaccine Complications: What Do Obstetricians and Gynecologists Know About the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System?
L. O. Eckert,1 B. L. Anderson,2 B. Gonik,3 and J. Schulkin1,2
1Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Washington, P.O. Box 359865, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
2American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, Department of Research, 409 12th Street SW, Washington, DC 20024, USA
3Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 3990 John R Street, 7 Brush North, P.O. Box 163, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
Received 21 May 2013; Accepted 29 July 2013
Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Volume 2013 (2013), Article ID 285257, 6 pages
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/285257
Abstract

Background. Obstetrician-gynecologists are increasingly called upon to be vaccinators as an essential part of a woman’s primary and preventive health care. Despite the established safety of vaccines, vaccine adverse events may occur. A national Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) is a well-established mechanism to track adverse events. However, we hypothesized that many obstetrician-gynecologists are naive to the role and use of VAERS. Methods. We devised a ten-question survey to a sample of ACOG fellows to assess their knowledge and understanding of VAERS. We performed descriptive and frequency analysis for each of the questions and used one-way analysis of variance for continuous and chi-squared for categorical variables.Results. Of the 1000 fellows who received the survey, 377 responded. Only one respondent answered all nine knowledge questions correctly, and 9.2% of physicians had used VAERS. Older physicians were less familiar with VAERS in general and with the specific objectives of VAERS in particular ().Conclusions. Obstetrician-gynecologist familiarity with VAERS is lacking. Only when the obstetrician-gynecologist is completely knowledgeable regarding standard vaccine practices, including the availability and use of programs such as VAERS, will providers be functioning as competent and complete vaccinators.


Relative trends in hospitalizations and mortality among infants by the number of vaccine doses and age, based on the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 1990–2010
GS Goldman1
NZ Miller2
1Computer Scientist, Pearblossom, CA, USA
2Thinktwice Vaccine Institute, Santa Fe, NM, USA
Gary S. Goldman, Computer Scientist, PO Box 847, Pearblossom, CA 93553, USA Email: gsgoldman@roadrunner.com
Published online before print April 24, 2012, doi:10.1177/0960327112440111
Hum Exp Toxicol October 2012 vol. 31 no. 10 1012-1021

Abstract

In this study, the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) database, 1990–2010, was investigated; cases that specified either hospitalization or death were identified among 38,801 reports of infants. Based on the types of vaccines reported, the actual number of vaccine doses administered, from 1 to 8, was summed for each case. Linear regression analysis of hospitalization rates as a function of (a) the number of reported vaccine doses and (b) patient age yielded a linear relationship withr 2 = 0.91 and r 2 = 0.95, respectively. The hospitalization rate increased linearly from 11.0% (107 of 969) for 2 doses to 23.5% (661 of 2817) for 8 doses and decreased linearly from 20.1% (154 of 765) for children aged ...

Sorry you will have to follow the link to the story.  For some reason the text in this area keeps appearing as an error.



Guillain-Barré Syndrome after H1N1 Vaccination in the United States: A Report Using the CDC/FDA Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (2009)

Souayah N. · Yacoub H.A. · Khan H.M.R. · Michas-Martin P.A. · Menkes D.L. · Maybodi L. ·Qureshi A.I.
Department of Neurology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, N.J., bZeenat Qureshi Stroke Research Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn.,cNew York Medical College, Valhalla, N.Y., dDepartment of Biostatistics, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Fla., andeDepartment of Neurology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Conn., USA

Abstract

Background: Although the Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) can be associated with the seasonal influenza vaccine, there is no definite evidence that GBS is associated with H1N1 influenza vaccination. The objective of this report is to study the occurrence and characteristics of GBS after H1N1 vaccine administration in the United States in 2009.Methods: Data were acquired from the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System and supplemented by additional information obtained from the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, under the Federal Freedom of Information Act. Results: A total of 62 individuals (mean age 46.51 ± 22.41 years), 33 of whom were men, developed GBS associated with the H1N1 influenza vaccination in 2009. Sixty GBS cases were reported within 6 weeks after vaccination, with 31 cases (50.0%) reported in the first 2 weeks. The estimated rate of occurrence of GBS was 6.2 cases per 10 million vaccinations, which is comparable to the rate of GBS in the general population.Conclusion: The higher rate of GBS reports in the first 6 weeks after H1N1 vaccination suggests that some GBS cases may be triggered by H1N1 vaccination. This warrants early recognition, treatment, and active surveillance in the postvaccination setting.
 Oops!  We should have recognized what was going on sooner!  Sorry to those that got GBS!... said no medical person ever!  Did you hear about this?  Did YOUR doctor tell you of this risk during or following this time period?  Ever?

STRONG MEDICINE:
PROCEDURAL LIMITATIONS AND THEIR
EFFECT ON VACCINE INJURY CLAIMS
Justin Roller*
The National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act of 1986 creates a no-fault
administrative process for handling vaccine injury claims called the National
Vaccine Injury Compensation Program (VICP). In a recent case
before the Supreme Court, it was argued that the special procedural rules
limiting discovery and evidence in claims adjudicated through the VICP
hinder claimants’ ability to prove causal connections between the use of
vaccines and subsequent injuries. The Supreme Court did not address this
argument. This Note empirically analyzes these claims by examining over
1,500 VICP decisions and concludes that the VICP’s procedural rules do
not significantly burden claimants’ ability to establish causation.

Yet i does say there are problems.  Such as the short window to file a claim.   Interesting read. 






























































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